TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis: Due to the pivotal role of TGF-β in the pathophysiology of lung fibrosis that develops after an inflammatory injury to the lungs (Xu et al., 2007; Wu et al., 2010; Mo et al., 2012; Wang, 2019; Zhang et al., 2020), the TGF-β pathway inhibitory effect of Artemisinin has the clinical potential to prevent pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 patients.