TGFB1 and COVID-19: Several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), contribute to the inflammatory injury of lungs in COVID-19 patients during the CRS (Uckun, 2020b; Uckun et al., 2020b).