NLRP3 and infection: We have previously shown, in mouse model for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) induced by infection with Novosphingobium aromaticivorans, that Gal-3 contributes to enhanced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the liver, higher production of IL-1β and enhanced Th17 immune response that contributes to greater liver tissue damage (Arsenijevic et al., 2019).