LGALS3 and infection: Gal-3 expressed during infections, modulates the adhesion of microbes to epithelial surfaces, phagocytosis of ingested microorganisms, activation of ERK, AKT, and JAK/STAT1 signaling pathways in epithelial cells and subsequent release of cytokines from these cells, and functional activities of immune cells (Chen et al., 2005; Quattroni et al., 2012; Nita-Lazar et al., 2015; Subhash et al., 2016; Cockram et al., 2019; Gilson et al., 2019).