VEGFA and neoplasm: In the T24 xenograft mouse (C57BL/6 mice), MG (5–10 mg kg−1, i.p. injection) inhibited angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, and the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, endothelial cell marker CD31, and endogenous hypoxia biomarker carbonic anhydrase IX by suppressing HIF-1α/VEGF-dependent pathway (Chen et al., 2013).