TUBB, again a TDP-43 interactor (Freibaum et al., 2010), dimerizes with Tubulin alpha to form microtubules; mutations in genes encoding cytoskeletal proteins including Tubulin alpha (though not TUBB) have been identified as a rare cause of ALS (Smith et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene TUBA1B and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.