FLNA and atherosclerosis: Calpain inhibition also suppresses IL-6 pro-inflammatory activities, in primary helper T cells and synovial fibroblasts [53], and inhibiting calpain-mediated filamin-A cleavage in macrophages impairs migration and proliferation, lipid uptake, and reduces the secretion of inflammatory interleukin-6, overall reducing atherosclerosis in mice [54].