TNF and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Thus, it has been suggested that the expansion of the visceral adipose tissue, the alteration of the adipocytokines, the increase in circulatory levels of inflammatory mediators such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, IL-1β and nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and the recruitment of immune cells determine a chronic low-grade inflammation which is implicated in the appearance and aggravation of OSA [9, 11–17].