We hypothesized that obesity-induced T2D obtained after 12 months of HFD feeding impairs the function of NTS GLP-1-producing neurons by altering their basal activation (i.e., not pharmacologically stimulated), GLP-1 expression, and/or by inducing cellular atrophy and inflammation. The gene discussed is GLP1R; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.