CCL2 and renal fibrosis: Indeed, the renal fibrosis indicators (i.e., FN, COL-IV, COL-1) (Tessari 2015); the tubular damage indicator (i.e., KIM-1) (Nowak et al. 2016); the inflammatory indicators (i.e., TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-1β) (Perlman et al. 2015); the oxidative stress indicators (i.e., 8-OHdG and 4-HNE) (Wang et al. 2020) were all increased when albuminuria developed.