In the present study, plasma urea levels of vehicle-treated mice (SHAM and CKD) negatively correlated with both AMPK activation and IΚBα expression (Supplementary Figure 4A,B) and positively correlated with P65 phosphorylation (Supplementary Figure 4C) and the expression of the M1 markers CD86, iNOS, and IL-1β (Supplementary Figure 4D–F). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is chronic kidney disease.