BRAF and melanoma: Metastatic melanoma is almost invariably incurable, with a median survival time of less than 1 year and a 3-year survival rate of only 10–15%.[1] The molecular pathogenesis is strongly correlated with constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (RAS-BRAF-MEK-ERK) pathway that excessively signals cells to grow.