TLR7 and neoplasm: Further, this vaccination strategy accounts for the lack of immunogenic antigens and intratumoral genetic heterogeneity in GBM because the immunostimulatory conjugates allow for in vitro anchoring of the mannan-BAM, and for future induction of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR7-mediated signaling through adjuvants, that leads to in vivo innate immune cell activation and stimulation of Th1 cell-mediated immunity, which are further enhanced by tumor cell irradiation.