The success of the anti-PD-1 antibodies, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, and the PD-L1 antibody, atezolizumab, approved so far in patients with previously treated NSCLC [27,28,29] understandably aroused considerable interest in extending these therapies to the first-line setting, both in combination with chemotherapy regardless of PD-L1 expression [30], and in monotherapy in PD-L1-positive patients. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.