Off-target DPP8/9 inhibition in MM cells leads to apoptotic cell death signaling in the presence of DPP4 inhibitors (gliptins), whereas in AML the direct inhibition of DPP8/9 induces the pro-caspase-1-dependent inflammatory form of programmed cell death, pyroptosis [14,15]. Here, DPP8 is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.