It is now known that non-canonical TRAIL/death receptor signaling exists and results in the subsequent activation of various kinases including RIPK1, IκB/NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) p38, JNK, ERK1/2, MAP3K/TAK1, PKC, PI3K/Akt, and Src in cancer cells, particularly under apoptosis-resistant conditions (see review; [81,82]). The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is cancer.