There is a strong association of the genetic polymorphisms Asp299Gly/Thr399Ile of TLR4 with reduced prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients (but not in type 1 diabetic patients) [55] raising the question of whether the innate immune response may be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathy in type 2 diabetes [56]. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is neuropathy.