Consistent with previous experimental data, here we have shown that DPPS pretreatment significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the livers of ConA-treated mice (Figure 5b), expression of adhesive molecules (Figure 5a) and thus probably contributed to attenuation of liver damage (Figure 3) and to protective effects of DPPS on ConA-induced hepatitis. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and hepatitis A virus infection.