Five miRNAs from these two families, including miR-192-5p, miR-194-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-30d-5p and miR-30e-5p, are validated to be downregulated in ADPKD patient urine exosomes, and cystic kidneys from Pkd1 mutant mice and ADPKD patients [42]. Here, PKD1 is linked to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.