PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Adiponectin not only mediates the stimulation of energy expenditure but also regulates the expression of glucose and lipid metabolism–related liver genes [40]; fatty acid synthase (FASN) mainly regulates triglyceride synthesis and lipid homeostasis [41]; and finally, patatin-like phospholipid domain containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) regulates lipogenesis in not only obesity and NAFLD but also cardiovascular disease [10].