TARDBP and neurodegenerative disease: In addition, studies have utilized optogenetics to focus upon other RBPs (e.g., TDP-43, G3BP1) whose self-association properties are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, but prior to this study none have been developed to study full-length wild-type A1, nor to describe the effects of MS-associated A1 mutations [50,58,59,65].