UCP2 and Alzheimer disease: In AD brains, the levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1alpha (PGC-1α), which is an essential protein that modulates mitochondrial biogenesis and regulates oxidative stress, are decreased [120,121], so it can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and to a dysregulated expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which is a direct regulator of ROS formation expressed in the hypothalamus [120,122].