Chronic and non-specific activation of microglia by Aβ plaques [47,56] is a common pathologic feature of AD that, in turn, can lead to an increase in the expression levels of proinflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) and neurotoxic molecules including nitric oxide [58,60,61]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is Alzheimer disease.