A previous study reported that cancer-associated fibroblasts stimulated with cisplatin secretes PAI-1 to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression and induce chemoresistance [34], indicating that the interplay between PAI-1 and the tumor microenvironment affects the chemosensitivity of the tumor cells. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.