Patient characteristics are shown in Table 1, with those receiving β-blockers having a higher proportion of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and more commonly used ACEI/ARB, glucose-lowering drugs (such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors or insulin) and statin. The gene discussed is DPP4; the disease is cerebrovascular disorder.