NOS2 and ischemia: Moreover, numerous studies have shown that ischemia is associated with a large increase in nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1; nNOS) activity in neurons and possibly in glia, next increased NOS3 (eNOS) activity in the vascular endothelium, and later caused an increase in NOS2 (iNOS) activity in a range of cells, including infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages, activated microglia and astrocytes [64,65,66].