In addition, the levels of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are increased in AD patients as compensation of a reduced expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the inhibition activity, exerted on both enzymes by flavan-3-ol compounds, gives these molecules renewed interest in the prevention strategies of the most seriously disabling neurodegenerative illness. The gene discussed is BCHE; the disease is Alzheimer disease.