SMAD3 and Bloom syndrome: The results of MLB on BLM-treated mice also showed the same trends: the level of Smad3 phosphorylation and release of TGF-β in serum could be decreased by MLB treatment; we also observed that MLB decreased Smad2 phosphorylation and recovered the downregulation of Smad7, but MLB still could not affect the level of JNK and Akt phosphorylation (Figure 6a,b).