MEN1 and neoplasm: While several studies indicated potential candidate molecules involved in PitNET pathogenesis (Figure 1), e.g., genetic and genomic changes (AIP, MEN1, GNAS, and USP8), transcriptomic alterations (Notch, Wnt, TGF-β pathways, and cell cycle regulators), and non-coding nucleic acids (miR-34c-5p, miR-338-5p, and miR-378 tumor-suppressive miRNAs), none have proven reliable diagnostic markers or actionable targets for PitNET monitoring and management.