Hampered signal transduction and cellular pathways have been described in DMD with Toll-like receptor/tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)/interleukin 1β (IL-1β)/interleukin 6 (IL-6)-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of the activated B cell pathway (NF-ƘB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins, and the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathways having been extensively studied and considered for therapeutic targeting [28,29]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Duchenne muscular dystrophy.