Furthermore, a comparison of serum angiogenic markers Ang2, G-CSF, follistatin, HGF, FGF-1, endothelin 1, and VEGF-A has been carried out between Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smouldering myeloma (SMM/MM) groups of patients (clinical trial NCT01237054) [117]. Here, HGF is linked to plasma cell myeloma.