Up to 40% of patients with PCa initially treated with curative intent will experience biochemical recurrence (BCR) [2,3], which is defined following radical prostatectomy by two consecutive rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values >0.2 ng/mL, or after primary radiation therapy by any PSA increase ≥2 ng/mL higher than the PSA nadir value, regardless of the serum concentration of the nadir [4,5]. Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.