In a cohort of AML patients treated with autoHSCT, those with KIR and HLA genotypes predictive of low-affinity interactions (KIR3DL1+ and HLA-Bw4-80Thr+, HLA-Bw4-80Ile− genotype) had lower incidence of relapse than patients with genotypes predictive of high-affinity interactions (KIR3DL1+ and HLA-Bw4-80Ile+ genotype), and this effect was also influenced by HLA-Bw4 copy number [129]. This evidence concerns the gene KIR3DL1 and acute myeloid leukemia.