Recent studies have demonstrated that NRF2 plays a critical role in promoting intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance of cancer cells to common chemotherapeutics by activating drug resistance proteins and drug transporters such as UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase 1A1 (UGT1A) and multidrug-resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP1). The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is cancer.