ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: As the current paramount of molecularly driven treatment of NSCLC is represented by mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [1], rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) [2] or c-Ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) [3], as well as mutations of the v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) [4], the identification of these genetic alterations is considered pivotal in current clinical practice worldwide.