STAT1 and AIDS: T. marneffei is far more frequent in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in South East Asian countries, but is occasionally seen in those with cell-mediated immunodeficiencies involving the interleukin-12/interferon-γ (IL-12/IFN-γ) signaling pathway (e.g., in patients bearing mutations in the STAT1 gene).