The in vitro cytotoxicity analysis indicated that heterologous expression of different APNs in insect cell lines (S2, Sf9, and Sf21), which are not susceptible to Cry toxin, decrease the cell viability or facilitate cell swelling under activated Cry toxins infection, such as following Helicoverpa armigera (H. armigera) APN1 [29], H. virescens APN1 [30] and two of Ae. aegypti APNs [31] infections. Here, CRYL1 is linked to infection.