Mutations in a series of RNA-binding protein genes, TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP), FUS RNA-binding protein (FUS), TATA-box binding protein associated factor 15 (TAF15), EWS RNA-binding protein 1 (EWSR1), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1), HNRNPA2B1, Ataxin 2 (ATXN2), and TIA1 cytotoxic granule associated RNA-binding protein (TIA1), have been shown to cause or influence the disease risk for ALS and/or FTD [23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]. This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.