GJA1 and diabetic kidney disease: As the predominant isoform in the kidney, Cx43 expression is increased in renal biopsy material from individuals with both glomerular disease [35] and diabetic nephropathy [8], whilst heterozygous mice (Cx43+/−) induced to develop glomerulonephritis (GN) show signs of tubular dilation, decreased monocyte infiltration and reduced interstitial renal fibrosis [35].