KLK3 and cancer: In current clinical practice, the cancer detection rate (CDR) of a first extended PBx prompted by an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level or an abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE), is in the range of 40% and drops down to approximately 25% in the setting of screening programs, i.e., in patients with serum PSA between 2.5 and 10 ng/mL [1,2].