HDL ability to maintain correct endothelial homeostasis is also compromised in CKD patients because of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress; moreover, Speer et al. have demonstrated that in CKD patients, HDL are not only dysfunctional but become “toxic” for the accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine which enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppresses endothelial NO bioavailability by activating the Toll-like receptor-2 pathway [38]. The gene discussed is TLR2; the disease is chronic kidney disease.