APOL1 risk variants present a high frequency in subjects of African ethnicity affected by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, HIV-associated nephropathy, and nondiabetic end-stage kidney disease; moreover, carriers of high-risk genotypes show a strongly increased odds ratio for these diseases compared to individuals carrying APOL1 low-risk genotypes [68,69,70]. The gene discussed is APOL1; the disease is kidney disorder.