A prospective nested case–control study within the larger Dan-MONICA study (The Denmark-Glostrup population for the MONItoring trends in CArdiovascular diseases study) on cardiovascular epidemiology indicated otherwise healthy participants with initially low levels of circulating IGF-1 had a significantly higher risk of developing ischemic heart disease at the 15-year clinical follow up [26]. Here, IGF1 is linked to cardiovascular disorder.