ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: However, these therapies are less effective in those harboring oncogenic driver mutations, such as EGFR or ALK. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the up-regulation of immune checkpoints such as PD-L1 in de novo EGFR-mutant and ALK-rearranged tumors [27,28,29,30] leading to the question of whether ICI alone or in combination with targeted TKI would offer clinical benefit in ALK-altered NSCLC.