CXCL5 and inflammatory bowel disease: Moreover, persistent inflammation is a prerequisite for carcinogenesis and consistent with this are findings of miRNAs upregulated in IBD and their involvement in the development of cancer, such as miR-21 through PCDC4 downregulation [33] and miR-4284 through the CXCL5 pathway and regulation of chemotaxis and proliferation [34,35,36].