A study performed on human lung cancer cell lines and biopsies showed an overexpression of IL-6 and IL-10 mRNAs typical of the helper T cell-subset 2 (TH2) type response, overexpression of immunosuppressive TGFβ mRNA, and high secretion levels of IFNγ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with reduced levels of IL-2, typical of the helper T cell-subset 1 (TH1) type response [16]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is lung carcinoma.