In the context of Parkinson’s disease, neuromelanin was in fact reported to activate microglia by triggering NK-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) activation and the release of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-a (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and IL-6 (interleukin 6) in in vivo and in vitro studies [61]. Here, TNF is linked to Parkinson disease.