INS and Cognitive impairment: However, little is known about the molecular basis of these findings, and to the best of our knowledge only one study has demonstrated cerebral insulin resistance, defined as an attenuated response to insulin incubation by neuronal insulin receptors, in a postmortem study in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), when compared to cognitively normal individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment [20], suggesting that cerebral insulin resistance may be a key alteration in the pathophysiology of AD.