In this regard, various stimulants, such as DNA damaging agents (etoposide and UV) or anticancer compounds (resveratrol, taxol and oridonin), activate ERK1/2 to induce apoptosis in NIH 3T3, human papillary thyroid carcinoma, human melanoma and human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines [26]. Here, MAPK3 is linked to melanoma.