PGC–1α exerts antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and trophic effects, mediates the reparative polarization of macrophages and microglia, and promotes angiogenesis and neurogenesis—the underlying mechanisms of neural cell survival that increase the brain’s tolerance to ischemia [21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29] (Figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and ischemia.