The EVs, released by neurons and astrocytes of patients affected by neurodegenerative disease, can be identified by specific biomarkers found in their cargoes, such as Aβ and phosphorylated tau in AD, α-synuclein in PD, and the transactive response DNA/RNA binding protein of 43kDa (TDP-43) in ALS [13,19,20,21,22] (Table 1). Here, MAPT is linked to Alzheimer disease.