There were no differences in fasting plasma glucose between PCOS rats and controls (119 ± 2 vs. 120 ± 3 mg/dL, p = 0.997) as shown in Figure 3B. PCOS rats had decreased insulin sensitivity compared to controls when assessed by QUICKI (0.302 ± 0.003 vs. 0.324 ± 0.003, p < 0.001), as shown in Figure 3C. EMPA had no impact on fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose, or insulin sensitivity in either PCOS or control rats. Here, INS is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.