LEP and polycystic ovary syndrome: Plasma leptin was increased in PCOS rats compared to controls, although it did not reach statistical significance (0.86 ± 0.16 vs. 0.51 ± 0.05 ng/mL, p = 0.0949), as shown in Figure 3I. EMPA decreased plasma leptin in PCOS rats to levels similar to the control group (0.45 ± 0.05 vs. 0.86 ± 0.16 ng/mL, p < 0.05), and did not modify leptin levels in controls.