Taking into consideration that both the oligomeric status and activities of HSP27 depend on its phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, it seems possible to suppress the HSP27-mediated radioprotection of cancer cells by affecting the activation of certain protein kinases and phosphatases (de)modifying the HSP27 molecules (e.g., p38 MAPK, MAPKAPK2 and PP2A [208,209,210]). This evidence concerns the gene HSPB1 and cancer.