FAP and breast carcinoma: For example, ablation of FAP-positive CAFs in vivo, in a breast cancer model, led to a switch from Th2- to Th1-type immunity (T cell mediated immune response is classified in Th1- or Th2-type immunity, based on the cytokine expression profile), followed by expression of cytotoxic cytokines IL-2 and IL-7 and increased CD8+ T cell tumour infiltration, all critical for tumour immunotherapy [57].